Ray Kurzweil - Wikipedia. Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil (KURZ- wyl; born February 1. American author, computer scientist, inventor and futurist. Aside from futurism, he is involved in fields such as optical character recognition (OCR), text- to- speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and electronic keyboard instruments.
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He has written books on health, artificial intelligence (AI), transhumanism, the technological singularity, and futurism. Kurzweil is a public advocate for the futurist and transhumanist movements, and gives public talks to share his optimistic outlook on life extension technologies and the future of nanotechnology, robotics, and biotechnology. Kurzweil was the principal inventor of the first charge- coupled deviceflatbed scanner,[2] the first omni- font optical character recognition,[2] the first print- to- speech reading machine for the blind,[3] the first commercial text- to- speech synthesizer,[4] the Kurzweil K2. Kurzweil received the 1. National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the United States' highest honor in technology, from President Clinton in a White House ceremony. He was the recipient of the $5. Lemelson- MIT Prize for 2.
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And in 2. 00. 2 he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, established by the U. S. Patent Office. He has received twenty- one honorary doctorates, and honors from three U. S. presidents. Kurzweil has been described as a "restless genius"[7] by The Wall Street Journal and "the ultimate thinking machine"[8] by Forbes. PBS included Kurzweil as one of 1.
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America"[9] along with other inventors of the past two centuries. Inc. magazine ranked him #8 among the "most fascinating" entrepreneurs in the United States and called him "Edison's rightful heir".[1. Kurzweil has written seven books, five of which have been national bestsellers. The Age of Spiritual Machines has been translated into 9 languages and was the #1 best- selling book on Amazon in science.
Kurzweil's book The Singularity Is Near was a New York Times bestseller, and has been the #1 book on Amazon in both science and philosophy. Kurzweil speaks widely to audiences both public and private and regularly delivers keynote speeches at industry conferences like DEMO, SXSW and TED. He maintains the news website Kurzweil. AI. net, which has over three million readers annually.[5]Life, inventions, and business career[edit]Early life[edit]Ray Kurzweil grew up in the New York City borough of Queens. He was born to secular Jewish parents who had emigrated from Austria just before the onset of World War II.
He was exposed via Unitarian Universalism to a diversity of religious faiths during his upbringing.[citation needed] His Unitarian church had the philosophy of many paths to the truth – the religious education consisted of spending six months on a single religion before moving onto the next.[citation needed] His father was a musician, a noted conductor, and a music educator. His mother was a visual artist. Kurzweil decided he wanted to be an inventor at the age of five.[1. As a young boy, Kurzweil had an inventory of parts from various construction toys he’d been given and old electronic gadgets he’d collected from neighbors.
In his youth, Kurzweil was an avid reader of science fiction literature. At the age of eight, nine, and ten, he read the entire Tom Swift Jr. At the age of seven or eight, he built a robotic puppet theater and robotic game.
He was involved with computers by the age of twelve (in 1. New York City, and built computing devices and statistical programs for the predecessor of Head Start.[1. At the age of fourteen, Kurzweil wrote a paper detailing his theory of the neocortex.[1.
His parents were involved with the arts, and he is quoted in the documentary Transcendent Man[1. Kurzweil attended Martin Van Buren High School. During class, he often held onto his class textbooks to seemingly participate, but instead, focused on his own projects which were hidden behind the book. His uncle, an engineer at Bell Labs, taught young Kurzweil the basics of computer science.[1. In 1. 96. 3, at age fifteen, he wrote his first computer program.[1.
He created a pattern- recognition software program that analyzed the works of classical composers, and then synthesized its own songs in similar styles. In 1. 96. 5, he was invited to appear on the CBS television program I've Got a Secret, where he performed a piano piece that was composed by a computer he also had built.[1. Later that year, he won first prize in the International Science Fair for the invention; [1. Kurzweil's submission to Westinghouse Talent Search of his first computer program alongside several other projects resulted in him being one of its national winners, which allowed him to be personally congratulated by President Lyndon B.
Johnson during a White House ceremony. These activities collectively impressed upon Kurzweil the belief that nearly any problem could be overcome.[1. Mid- life[edit]While in high school, Kurzweil had corresponded with Marvin Minsky and was invited to visit him at MIT, which he did. Kurzweil also visited Frank Rosenblatt at Cornell.[2. He obtained a B. S. MIT. He went to MIT to study with Marvin Minsky. He took all of the computer programming courses (eight or nine) offered at MIT in the first year and a half.
In 1. 96. 8, during his sophomore year at MIT, Kurzweil started a company that used a computer program to match high school students with colleges. The program, called the Select College Consulting Program, was designed by him and compared thousands of different criteria about each college with questionnaire answers submitted by each student applicant. Around this time, he sold the company to Harcourt, Brace & World for $1. In 1. 97. 4, Kurzweil founded Kurzweil Computer Products, Inc.
Before that time, scanners had only been able to read text written in a few fonts. He decided that the best application of this technology would be to create a reading machine, which would allow blind people to understand written text by having a computer read it to them aloud.
However, this device required the invention of two enabling technologies—the CCDflatbed scanner and the text- to- speech synthesizer. Development of these technologies was completed at other institutions such as Bell Labs, and on January 1. National Federation of the Blind. Called the Kurzweil Reading Machine, the device covered an entire tabletop. Kurzweil's next major business venture began in 1. Kurzweil Computer Products began selling a commercial version of the optical character recognition computer program. Lexis. Nexis was one of the first customers, and bought the program to upload paper legal and news documents onto its nascent online databases.
Kurzweil sold his Kurzweil Computer Products to Lernout & Hauspie. Following the legal and bankruptcy problems of the latter, the system became a subsidiary of Xerox later known as Scansoft and now as Nuance Communications, and he functioned as a consultant for the former until 1.
Kurzweil's next business venture was in the realm of electronic music technology. After a 1. 98. 2 meeting with Stevie Wonder, in which the latter lamented the divide in capabilities and qualities between electronic synthesizers and traditional musical instruments, Kurzweil was inspired to create a new generation of music synthesizers capable of accurately duplicating the sounds of real instruments. Kurzweil Music Systems was founded in the same year, and in 1. Kurzweil K2. 50 was unveiled. The machine was capable of imitating a number of instruments, and in tests musicians were unable to discern the difference between the Kurzweil K2.
The recording and mixing abilities of the machine, coupled with its abilities to imitate different instruments, made it possible for a single user to compose and play an entire orchestral piece. Kurzweil Music Systems was sold to South Korean musical instrument manufacturer Young Chang in 1. As with Xerox, Kurzweil remained as a consultant for several years. Hyundai acquired Young Chang in 2. January 2. 00. 7 appointed Raymond Kurzweil as Chief Strategy Officer of Kurzweil Music Systems.[2. Later life[edit]Concurrent with Kurzweil Music Systems, Kurzweil created the company Kurzweil Applied Intelligence (KAI) to develop computer speech recognition systems for commercial use.
The first product, which debuted in 1. Kurzweil started Kurzweil Educational Systems in 1. ADHD) in school. Products include the Kurzweil 1. Kurzweil 3. 00. 0 program, which is a multifaceted electronic learning system that helps with reading, writing, and study skills. During the 1. 99.
Kurzweil founded the Medical Learning Company.[2. The company's products included an interactive computer education program for doctors and a computer- simulated patient. Around the same time, Kurzweil started Kurzweil. Cyber. Art. com—a website featuring computer programs to assist the creative art process. The site used to offer free downloads of a program called AARON—a visual art synthesizer developed by Harold Cohen—and of "Kurzweil's Cybernetic Poet", which automatically creates poetry. During this period he also started Kurzweil. AI. net, a website devoted towards showcasing news of scientific developments, publicizing the ideas of high- tech thinkers and critics alike, and promoting futurist- related discussion among the general population through the Mind- X forum.
In 1. 99. 9, Kurzweil created a hedge fund called "Fat. Kat" (Financial Accelerating Transactions from Kurzweil Adaptive Technologies), which began trading in 2.
He has stated that the ultimate aim is to improve the performance of Fat. Kat's A. I. investment software program, enhancing its ability to recognize patterns in "currency fluctuations and stock- ownership trends."[2.
He predicted in his 1. The Age of Spiritual Machines, that computers will one day prove superior to the best human financial minds at making profitable investment decisions.